History Indonesian

Fossilized remains of Homo erectus, which anthropologists also dubbed "Java Man", led to speculation that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to South East Asia from Taiwan. They arrived around 2000 BC, and caused Melanesians who have been there earlier there pushed into areas far eastern islands. Conditions ideal place for agriculture, and control over how to cultivate rice since at least the 8th century BC, causing many villages, towns, and small kingdoms grow well in the first century AD. In addition, Indonesia is located in the international sea trade lanes and between the islands, has become a shipping line between India and China for centuries. History of Indonesia subsequently experienced a lot of influence on the trading activities

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Under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Borneo, Sumatra, and Java since the 4th century until the 14th century. Kutai, the oldest kingdom in the archipelago that stands in the 4th century in the upper reaches of the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan. In the western region of the island of Java, in the 4th century until the 7th century AD stood Tarumanegara kingdom. Government Tarumanagara followed by the Kingdom of Sunda from the year 669 AD to 1579 AD In the 7th century appeared Malay kingdom centered in Jambi, Sumatra. Sriwijaya beat Malay and emerged as the most powerful maritime kingdom in the archipelago. He ruled over Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, while controlling the trade in the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait and South China Sea. Under the influence of Srivijaya, between the 8th century and the 10th dynasty Sailendra and Sanjaya managed to develop the agricultural-based kingdoms in Java, with its historic relics such as Borobudur and Prambanan temples. At the end of the 13th century, Majapahit stood in the eastern part of the island of Java. Under the leadership of mahapatih Gajah Mada, its influence stretched over much of Indonesia is now; and is often called the "Golden Age" in Indonesian history.

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The arrival of the merchants of Arab and Persian through Gujarat, India, and then brought Islam. Besides Chinese sailors led by Admiral Cheng Ho (Zheng He) Muslim, also never stop in this region in the early 15th century. The merchants also spread the religion of Islam in some parts of the archipelago. Samudera Pasai, established in 1267, is the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia.

Kolonialisme

Indonesia is also a country that was colonized by many European countries as well as Asia, because since time immemorial Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural abundant, to make European countries are tempted to colonize and intends to take control of natural resources for income for the country, the State ity that once colonized Indonesia, among others:

• Portuguese in 1509, only the Moluccas, then were driven in in 1595
• Spain in 1521, only North Sulawesi, but were repulsed in 1692
• Netherlands in 1602, most of Indonesia.
• France (1795-1811). French conquest of the Dutch Republic in 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars, and France established the Batavian Republic (1795-1806) and the Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810) status as a vassal state of France. Thus, indirectly, France is the supreme ruler Indies. In 1810 Kingdom of Holland merged into First French Empire, so the Dutch East Indies became French colonies directly. Nevertheless the government and the defense still held by the citizens of the Netherlands (including Herman Willem Daendels in power from 1908 to 1811 and known pro-French) French power ended in 1811 when the British defeated the French-Dutch forces in Java.
• United Kingdom in 1811, since the signing of the capitulation Tungtang one of which contains the delivery of Java from the Netherlands to Britain, In 1814 it was performed in the London Convention which the Dutch government returned to power on the territory of the British Empire in Indonesia. And new in 1816, the British government in Indonesia is officially over.
• Japan in 1942 and ended in 1945, because of the defeat of Japan to the Allied forces.

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