Philippines President likens himself to Hitler

(CNN)When comparing yourself to world leaders or historical figures, there are perhaps less controversial choices than Adolf Hitler.

Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte on Friday likened himself to the Nazi leader, saying he wants to kill millions of drug addicts, just as Hitler killed Jews during the Holocaust.

"Hitler massacred three million Jews. Now there is three million, what is it, three million drug addicts (in the Philippines), there are," he said in a speech in his hometown of Davao City.

"I'd be happy to slaughter them. At least if Germany had Hitler, the Philippines would have (me). You know my victims, I would like (them) to be all criminals, to finish the problem of my country and save the next generation from perdition."

History counts the cost of Hitler's purges against "undesirables" at six million, the vast majority of whom were Jews.

World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder, in Israel to attend the funeral of former Prime Minister Shimon Peres, condemned the remarks.

"These statements are revolting, and President Duterte must retract them and apologize," Lauder said. "We just marked the 75th anniversary of Babi Yar, the massacre of more than 33,000 Jews in Ukraine by Nazi Germany... Now, the elected leader of the Philippines openly calls for the mass murder of people who are addicted to drugs.

"Drug abuse is a serious issue. But what President Duterte said is not only profoundly inhumane, but it demonstrates an appalling disrespect for human life."

The controversial leader campaigned on a hard line against crime, particularly drug offenses, and has in the past uttered statements which have caused many in the international community to recoil.

Source CNN

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Subdivisions

Indonesia is currently the de facto consists of 34 provinces, five of which have a different status (Aceh, Yogyakarta, West Papua, Papua and Jakarta). The provinces are subdivided into 416 districts and 98 cities or sub-district level local 7024 or 81 626 village-level area. There are various local term for an area in Indonesia eg districts, villages, village, town, village, pekon, or other terms that are accommodated by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 Year 2004 on Regional Government. Each province has a Provincial Parliament and governor; while the district has a local parliament and governors; then the city has the City Council and mayor; all of them elected directly by the people through electoral and local elections. However there is no Parliament in Jakarta district or city, because the District Administration and State Administration in Jakarta is not autonomous region.

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Province of Aceh, Yogyakarta, West Papua Province and Papua have the privilege of the legislature that the larger and higher degree of autonomy than other provinces. For example, Aceh has the right to form its own legal system; in 2003, Aceh began to establish laws Syariah.Yogyakarta get the status of Special Region in recognition of the important role in supporting Indonesia Yogyakarta during the Revolution. [46] Province of Papua, formerly called Irian Jaya, received special autonomy status in 2001.DKI Jakarta, is a specialized area of the state capital. Portuguese Timor incorporated into Indonesia and became the province of East Timor in 1976-1999, who later broke away through the referendum into the East Timorese nation.

Foreign relations and military

In contrast to Sukarno's anti-imperialism, antipathy towards the western powers, and locked horns with Malaysia, foreign relations since the "New Order" was Suharto was based on economic and political cooperation with western countries. Indonesia to maintain good relations with its neighbors in Asia, and Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and East Asia Summit.

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Indonesia to reconnect with the People's Republic of China in 1990, the previous to freeze relations with respect to anti-communist turmoil in the early governance Suharto. Indonesia became a member of the United Nations since 1950, and founder of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic group that now has become the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Indonesia has signed the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization, and was a member of OPEC, although Indonesia withdrew in 2008 in respect of Indonesia is no longer a net exporter of crude oil. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, mainly from the United States, the countries of Western Europe, Australia and Japan.

The Indonesian government has been working closely with the international world in connection with the bombings carried out by Islamic militants and Al-Qaeda.Pemboman great cause casualties 202 people were killed (including 164 foreign tourists) in Kuta, Bali in 2012. The attack warning and trip (travel warnings ) issued by other countries, causing a heavy impact to the industry of travel services / tourist and investment prospects asing.Tetapi lucky Indonesian economy as a whole is not overly influenced by the things mentioned above, because Indonesia is a country that its domestic economy is quite strong and dominant.

Indonesian National Armed Forces consist of the Army, Navy (including the Marine) and Air Force. Measuring 400,000 active servicemen, has a budget of 4% of GDP in 2006, but there was controversy that there are sources of funding from commercial interests and foundations which are protected by militer.Satu good things of reforms in line with Suharto's resignation is a resignation of TNI of parliament after the dissolution of the dual function of the armed forces, although the military's influence in the state is still strong. Separatist movements in some parts of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict, and human rights violations and brutalities committed by pihak.Setelah for either 30 years of sporadic feud between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian military, the cease-fire agreement occurred in 2005. In Papua, striking progress has been made, although still happen shortcomings, with the implementation of autonomy, with the result berkurangannya human rights violations.

Politics and government of Indonesia

Indonesia governing democratic multiparty presidential republic. As in other democratic countries, the political system in Indonesia is based on Trias Politica, namely the legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power is held by an organization called the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).

MPR had been a unicameral highest state institution, but after the amendment of the 4th Assembly is not the highest institution again, and changed the composition of its membership. MPR after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, which since 2004 was transformed into an institution bicameral consisting of 560 members of the House of Representatives (DPR) which is representative of the people through political parties, along with 132 members of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), who represents the province of independent paths. [29] DPR and DPD members are elected through elections and sworn in for a five-year term. Previously, members of the Assembly are all members of Parliament plus group representatives and TNI / Polri. MPR is currently chaired by Zulkifli Hasan. Parliament is currently chaired by Ade Komarudin, whereas DPD is currently chaired by Irman Gusman.

The executive institution centered on the president, vice president, and the cabinet. Cabinet in Indonesia is the Presidential Cabinet in which the ministers responsible to the president and does not represent a political party in the parliament. Nonetheless, the current President Joko Widodo promoted by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle also pointed to a number of leaders of Political Parties to sit in cabinet. The goal is to maintain the stability of government given the strong position of the legislature in Indonesia. But the key posts and positioned generally filled by the party minister without portfolio (coming from someone who is considered an expert in the field).

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The judicial institution since the reform and the amendment of the 1945 Constitution is run by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission and the Constitutional Court, including the administration of the judges. Nevertheless the presence of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights will be retained.

Indonesian independence

In March 1945 the Japanese formed a committee for Indonesian independence. After the Pacific war ended in 1945, under pressure from youth organizations, Soekarno-Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945 which at the time was the month of Ramadan. After independence, the three founding fathers Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and Sutan Sjahrir each served as president, vice president and prime minister. In an effort to regain control of Indonesia, the Netherlands sent their troops.

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Attempts to quell bloody independence movement came to be known by the Dutch as a 'police action' (Politionele Actie), otherwise known by the people of Indonesia as a military aggression. The Netherlands finally received the right Indonesia's independence on December 27, 1949 as a federal state called the Republic of Indonesia States after receiving strong pressure from the international community, especially the United States. Mosi Integral Natsir on August 17, 1950, calling for the return of the unitary Republic of Indonesia and the United States of Indonesia disband. Soekarno again became president with Mohammad Hatta as vice president and as prime minister Mohammad Natsir.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the government of Sukarno began to follow once pioneering non-aligned movement at first, later to be closer to the socialist bloc, for example, the People's Republic of China and Yugoslavia. The 1960s witnessed the military confrontation against neighboring Malaysia ("Confrontation"), and dissatisfaction with growing economic hardship. In 1965 it erupted G30S incident that caused the death of six generals and a number of other middle-ranking officers. New force that calls itself the New Order who immediately accused the Communist Party of Indonesia as the brains behind this incident and intends to overthrow the legitimate government and replacing national ideology be based on the socialist-communist. This accusation was once used as an excuse to replace the old government under President Sukarno.

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General Suharto became Acting President in 1967 on the grounds to secure the country from the threat of communism. While the physical condition weakened Sukarno himself. After Suharto, hundreds of thousands of Indonesian citizens suspected of involvement in the communist party were killed, while many more Indonesian citizens who are residing abroad, did not dare to return to their homeland, and eventually revoked his citizenship. Thirty-two years of the Soeharto years called New Order, while the Soekarno regime called the Old Order.

Suharto implement neoliberal economics and managed to bring huge foreign investment to enter Indonesia and generate substantial economic growth, although uneven. At the beginning of the New Order Indonesia both economic policy drawn up by a group of economists graduated from Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, called the "Berkeley mafia". However, Suharto and his family enriched by corruption, collusion, and nepotism is widespread and he was eventually forced to step down after massive demonstrations and the worsening economic conditions in 1998.

Transitional Reform Order or the Reform Era lasted from 1998 to 2001, when there were three future presidents: Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 2004, General Election held in the world's largest single-day, which was won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, as the president elected directly by the people, who served for two terms (2004-2009 and 2009-2014).

Indonesia is experiencing economic problems, political and religious nuances conflict in the country, and some areas are trying to escape from the auspices of the Homeland, especially Papua. East Timor formally broke away in 1999 after 24 years together with Indonesia and three years under UN administration, East Timor became the country.

In December 2004 and March 2005, Aceh and Nias hit by two major earthquakes which in total killed hundreds of thousands of lives. (See the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the Sumatra earthquake of March 2005.) This incident was followed by the Yogyakarta earthquake and tsunami that hit Pangandaran and surrounding areas, as well as mud flood in Sidoarjo in 2006 are not being solved.

History Indonesian

Fossilized remains of Homo erectus, which anthropologists also dubbed "Java Man", led to speculation that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to South East Asia from Taiwan. They arrived around 2000 BC, and caused Melanesians who have been there earlier there pushed into areas far eastern islands. Conditions ideal place for agriculture, and control over how to cultivate rice since at least the 8th century BC, causing many villages, towns, and small kingdoms grow well in the first century AD. In addition, Indonesia is located in the international sea trade lanes and between the islands, has become a shipping line between India and China for centuries. History of Indonesia subsequently experienced a lot of influence on the trading activities

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Under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Borneo, Sumatra, and Java since the 4th century until the 14th century. Kutai, the oldest kingdom in the archipelago that stands in the 4th century in the upper reaches of the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan. In the western region of the island of Java, in the 4th century until the 7th century AD stood Tarumanegara kingdom. Government Tarumanagara followed by the Kingdom of Sunda from the year 669 AD to 1579 AD In the 7th century appeared Malay kingdom centered in Jambi, Sumatra. Sriwijaya beat Malay and emerged as the most powerful maritime kingdom in the archipelago. He ruled over Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, while controlling the trade in the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait and South China Sea. Under the influence of Srivijaya, between the 8th century and the 10th dynasty Sailendra and Sanjaya managed to develop the agricultural-based kingdoms in Java, with its historic relics such as Borobudur and Prambanan temples. At the end of the 13th century, Majapahit stood in the eastern part of the island of Java. Under the leadership of mahapatih Gajah Mada, its influence stretched over much of Indonesia is now; and is often called the "Golden Age" in Indonesian history.

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The arrival of the merchants of Arab and Persian through Gujarat, India, and then brought Islam. Besides Chinese sailors led by Admiral Cheng Ho (Zheng He) Muslim, also never stop in this region in the early 15th century. The merchants also spread the religion of Islam in some parts of the archipelago. Samudera Pasai, established in 1267, is the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia.

Kolonialisme

Indonesia is also a country that was colonized by many European countries as well as Asia, because since time immemorial Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural abundant, to make European countries are tempted to colonize and intends to take control of natural resources for income for the country, the State ity that once colonized Indonesia, among others:

• Portuguese in 1509, only the Moluccas, then were driven in in 1595
• Spain in 1521, only North Sulawesi, but were repulsed in 1692
• Netherlands in 1602, most of Indonesia.
• France (1795-1811). French conquest of the Dutch Republic in 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars, and France established the Batavian Republic (1795-1806) and the Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810) status as a vassal state of France. Thus, indirectly, France is the supreme ruler Indies. In 1810 Kingdom of Holland merged into First French Empire, so the Dutch East Indies became French colonies directly. Nevertheless the government and the defense still held by the citizens of the Netherlands (including Herman Willem Daendels in power from 1908 to 1811 and known pro-French) French power ended in 1811 when the British defeated the French-Dutch forces in Java.
• United Kingdom in 1811, since the signing of the capitulation Tungtang one of which contains the delivery of Java from the Netherlands to Britain, In 1814 it was performed in the London Convention which the Dutch government returned to power on the territory of the British Empire in Indonesia. And new in 1816, the British government in Indonesia is officially over.
• Japan in 1942 and ended in 1945, because of the defeat of Japan to the Allied forces.

Etimologi Indonesian

The word "Indonesia" is derived from the ancient Greek that is Indos meaning "the Indian" and nesos "island". Thus, the Indonesian word meaning Indies islands, or archipelago located in the Indian, which indicates that the name is formed long before Indonesia became a sovereign state.
In 1850, George Windsor Earl, a British ethnologist, originally proposed the term Indunesia and Malayunesia for residents "Indian Islands or the Malay Archipelago". Pupils from Earl, James
Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym of the word India.Namun Islands, Dutch academics writing in media Indies did not use the word Indonesia, but the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); Dutch East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indië), or Indies (Indië); East (de Oost); and even Insulinde (this term was introduced in 1860 in the novel Max Havelaar (1859), written by Multatuli, the criticism of Dutch colonialism).

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Since 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. Adolf Bastian from the University of Berlin to popularize this name through the book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884-1894. Indonesian students first use is Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a news agency in the Netherlands with the name Indonesisch Pers Bureau in 1913.

About Indonesian

Republic of Indonesia, abbreviated RI or Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia which crossed the equator and located between the continents of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world comprising of 13 466 islands, alternative name commonly used is the archipelago, With a population of over 258 million people by 2016.
Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and the biggest Muslim country in the world, with more than 207 million people, Indonesia is a republic form of government, with the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council and the President elected directly.

The capital city is Jakarta. Indonesia land borders with Malaysia on Borneo island, with Papua New Guinea on the island of Papua and East Timor on the island of Timor. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India.

Indonesia's history is heavily influenced by other nations. The Indonesian archipelago became an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when the kingdom of Sriwijaya in Palembang religion and trade relations with China and India. Kingdoms Hindu and Buddhists has grown in the early centuries AD, followed by the traders who brought Islam, as well as various European powers fought one another to monopolize the spice trade of Maluku during the era of ocean exploration. After being under Dutch colonial Indonesia, which was then called the Dutch East Indies declared its independence at the end of World War II. Furthermore, Indonesia received various obstacles, threats and challenges of natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

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From Sabang to Merauke, Indonesia consists of various ethnic groups, languages and religions. Based clump nation (race), Indonesia consists of the original peoples of indigenous South Mongoloid / Austronesian and Melanesia where the Austronesian peoples of the largest in number and more inhabit the western part of Indonesia. More specifically, ethnic Javanese are the largest ethnic group with a population reaching 41.7% of the entire population of Indonesia.The national motto of Indonesia, "Unity Tunggal Ika" ("Different but still one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Besides having a dense population and vast territory, Indonesia has natural areas that support biodiversity levels in the world's second largest.

Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations and the only member ever to come out of the UN, namely on January 7, 1965, and rejoined on September 28, 1966 and Indonesia are stated as a member of the 60th, the same membership since joining Indonesia on 28 September 1950. In addition to the United Nations, Indonesia is a member of ASEAN, KAA, APEC, OIC, G-20 and will be a member of the OECD